Gamma Aminobutyric Acid(GABA) ..is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, is directly responsible for the regulation of muscle tone....  Continued Below

Quality GABA from 'Mother Nature'

Twinlab GABA-Plus - 50 caps The Best Current Available Price!   Find Out Here GABA Plus acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, it is essential for brain metabolism, aiding in proper brain function. GABA-PLUS is a scentifically formulated and synergistic combination GABA (Gamma Amino Butyruc Acid), with Inositol and the vitamin Niacinamide....of the amino acid derivative

Twinlab GABA-Plus - 100 caps The Best Current Available Price!   Find Out Here GABA Plus acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, it is essential for brain metabolism, aiding in proper brain function. GABA-PLUS is a scentifically formulated and synergistic combination of the amino acid derivative GABA (Gamma Amino Butyruc Acid), with Inositol and the vitamin Niacinamide....

Quality GABA from 'House Of Nutrition' Back To Top

Country Life's Biochem Relaxer W/ Gaba + B6 RapidRelease 30Tabs The Best Current Available Price!   Find Out Here Country Life's Biochem Relaxer W/ Gaba + B6 RapidRelease 90Tabs The Best Current Available Price! Find Out Here γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. It plays an important role in regulating neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. In humans, GABA is also directly responsible for the regulation of muscle tone....

Life Link's GABA 750mg 100Caps The Best Current Available Price!   Find Out Here Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid that does not get incorporated into proteins, but instead plays an important role in regulating the activity of nerve cells. It is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and in the retina, and can also be excitatory under some circumstances. GABA is closely related to another biomolecule called GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate); GABA and GHB are interconvertible in the brain. GHB was a very useful and inexpensive supplement for promoting relaxation and sleep until it was foolishly banned in the U.S. and other countries as part of the fiasco known as the "War-On-Drugs". GHB, unlike GABA, readily crosses the blood-brain barrier; once in the brain, GHB is converted into GABA which then calms over-excited nerves. Since GABA crosses the blood-brain barrier less easily than GHB, larger doses are required to achieve the same goals. The Wikipedia offers a good overview of GABA and its actions in the body. A less technical review from "Iron Magazine" is also useful despite its uncritical acceptance of government-spawned propaganda about GHB. What we can't tell you in the U.S. and some other industrialized countries, government agencies like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have adopted censorship as a method for intensifying their control over the supplement industry and its customers. Thus, FDA regulations prohibit us from telling you that any of our products are effective as medical treatments, even if they are, in fact, effective. Accordingly, we will limit our discussion of GABA to a brief summary of relevant research, and let you draw your own conclusions about what medical conditions it may be effective in treating. As a supplement, GABA has received less attention from medical researchers than it deserves. The handful of scientifically conducted clinical trials that have been conducted since 1980 have reported positive results with certain usages of GABA, but many interesting applications have never been investigated scientifically. GABA supplementation has been shown to be effective for: stimulating the pituitary gland to secrete more Human Growth Hormone, Increasing protein synthesis in brain, muscle, and liver, inducing relaxation, reducing anxiety, enhancing immunity during stress, reducing high blood pressure, increasing blood insulin levels. In addition to the directly demonstrated actions listed above, the following actions are suggested by indirect scientific evidence: improve schizophrenic symptoms, promote loss of excess body fat, build muscle. And then there are the GABA usages that have never been properly investigated scientifically. For these we have to rely on anecdotal evidence: anti-aging... making users feel youthful and energetic improving the skin, darkening hair, inducing sleep, improving the quality of sleep, causing more interesting, vivid dreaming, diminishing arthritis pain and lower back pain reducing symptoms....

Natural Factors Stress-Relax GABA 100mg 60Caps The Best Current Available Price!   Find Out Here Promotes Relaxation & Mental Focus Recommended by Dr. Michael Murray Purity & Potency Guaranteed PharmaGABA is a superior source and naturally produced form of the important brain compound gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). Clinical studies have shown PharmaGABA helps to increase the production of alpha brain waves to create a profound sense of physical relaxation while maintaining mental focus. All Natural Factors products are manufactured in accordance with the Government of Canada's Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), among the highest standards in the world....

Now's GABA Powder 6oz The Best Current Available Price!   Find Out Here Natural calming effect Promotes relaxation 100% Pure Powder Eases Nervous Tension Vegetarian Product A Dietary Supplement GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) is a non-essential amino acid found mainly in the human brain and eyes. It is considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which means it regulates brain and nerve cell activity by inhibiting the number of neurons firing in the brain. GABA is referred to as the "brain's natural calming agent". By inhibiting over-stimulation of the brain, GABA may help promote relaxation and ease nervous tension.* NOW® provides only the naturally occurring L-form as found in food and in the body....

Now's GABA 500mg 200Caps The Best Current Available Price!   Find Out Here Natural Calming Effect With Vitamin B-6 Promotes Relaxation Eases Nervous Tension GMP Quality Assured A Dietary Supplement GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) is a non-essential amino acid found mainly in the human brain and eyes. It is considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which means it regulates brain and nerve cell activity by inhibiting the number of neurons firing in the brain. GABA is referred to as the "brain's natural calming agent". By inhibiting over-stimulation of the brain, GABA may help promote relaxation and ease nervous tension. NOW provides only the naturally occurring L-form as found in food and in the body....

Now's GABA 500mg + B-6 2mg 100Caps The Best Current Available Price!   Find Out Here GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) is a non-essential amino acid found mainly in the human brain and eyes. It is considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which means it regulates brain and nerve cell activity by inhibiting the number of neurons firing in the brain. GABA is referred to as the brain's natural calming agent. By inhibiting over-stimulation of the brain, GABA may help promote relaxation and ease nervous tension.* NOW; provides only the naturally occurring L-form as found in food and in the body....

Now's Gaba 750mg 100Vcaps The Best Current Available Price!   Find Out Here γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. It plays an important role in regulating neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. In humans, GABA is also directly responsible for the regulation of muscle tone.... Find Out Here

GABA Back To Top

Solgar's Gaba 500mg 50Vcaps The Best Current Available Price!   Find Out Here γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. It plays an important role in regulating neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. In humans, GABA is also directly responsible for the regulation of muscle tone.....

Solgar's Gaba 500mg 100Vcaps The Best Current Available Price!   Find Out Here γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. It plays an important role in regulating neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. In humans, GABA is also directly responsible for the regulation of muscle tone....

Source Naturals Gaba Powder 4oz The Best Current Available Price!   Find Out Here GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is an amino acid derivative, and a key inhibitory neurotransmitter. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that carry information between nerve cells or from nerve cells to other target cells. GABA is synthesized directly from glutamic acid. It has an inhibitory effect on the firing of neurons and supports a calm mood....

Source Naturals GABA Calm™ Sublingual Peppermint 30Tabs The Best Current Available Price!   Find Out Here GABA Calm combines two key inhibitory neurotransmitters, GABA and glycine, to reduce stress and promote relaxation. GABA Calm includes a small amount of N-acetyl L-tyrosine to assure a balanced formula....

Source Naturals GABA Calm™ Sublingual Orange 30Tabs The Best Current Available Price!   Find Out Here GABA Calm combines two key inhibitory neurotransmitters, GABA and glycine, to reduce stress and promote relaxation. GABA Calm includes a small amount of N-acetyl L-tyrosine to assure a balanced formula....

Source Naturals GABA 750mg 45Caps The Best Current Available Price!   Find Out Here GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is an amino acid derivative and a key inhibitory neurotransmitter. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that carry information between nerve cells or from nerve cells to other target cells. GABA is synthesized directly from glutamic acid. It has an inhibitory effect on the firing of neurons and supports a calm mood....

Ultimate Nutrition's GABA 90Caps The Best Current Available Price!   Find Out Here γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. It plays an important role in regulating neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. In humans, GABA is also directly responsible for the regulation of muscle tone....

GABA Back To Top

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system.

It plays an important role in regulating neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.

In humans, GABA is also directly responsible for the regulation of muscle tone.

In insect species GABA acts only on excitatory nerve receptors.

_______________________

While technically an amino acid, GABA is rarely referred to as such in the scientific or medical communities, because the term "amino acid," used without a qualifier, refers to the alpha amino acids, which GABA is not, nor is it incorporated into proteins.

_______________________

In spastic diplegia in humans, GABA absorption by some nerves becomes damaged, which leads to hypertonia of the muscles signaled by those nerves.

Back To Top

Function

Neurotransmitter

In vertebrates, GABA acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain by binding to specific transmembrane receptors in the plasma membrane of both pre- and postsynaptic neuronal processes.

This binding causes the opening of ion channels to allow the flow of either negatively charged chloride ions into the cell or positively charged potassium ions out of the cell.

This action results in a negative change in the transmembrane potential, usually causing hyperpolarization.

Three general classes of GABA receptor are known: GABAA and GABAC ionotropic receptors, which are ion channels themselves, and GABAB metabotropic receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors that open ion channels via intermediaries (G proteins).

_______________________

Neurons that produce GABA as their output are called GABAergic neurons, and have chiefly inhibitory action at receptors in the adult vertebrate.

Medium Spiny Cells are a typical example of inhibitory CNS GABAergic cells.

In contrast, GABA exhibits excitatory actions in insects, mediating muscle activation at synapses between nerves and muscle cells, and also the stimulation of certain glands.

_______________________

Whether GABA is excitatory or inhibitory depends on the direction (into or out of the cell) and magnitude of the ionic currents controlled by the GABAA receptor.

When net positive ionic current is directed into the cell, GABA is excitatory; when the net positive current is directed out of the cell, GABA is inhibitory.

A developmental switch in the molecular machinery controlling the polarity of this current is responsible for the changes in the functional role of GABA between the neonatal and adult stages.

That is to say, GABA's role changes from excitatory to inhibitory as the brain develops into adulthood.

Back To Top

Development

In hippocampus and neocortex of the mammalian brain, GABA has primarily excitatory effects early in development, and is in fact the major excitatory neurotransmitter in many regions of the brain before the maturation of glutamate synapses - See developing cortex.

_______________________

In the developmental stages preceding the formation of synaptic contacts, GABA is synthesized by neurons and acts both as an autocrine (acting on the same cell) paracrine (acting on nearby cells) signalling mediator.

_______________________

GABA regulates the proliferation of neural progenitor cells the migrationand differentiation the elongation of neurites and the formation of synapses.

_______________________

GABA also regulates the growth of embryonic and neural stem cells.

GABA can influence the development of neural progenitor cells via brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression.

GABA activates the GABAA receptor, causing cell cycle arrest in the S-phase, limiting growth.

Structure and conformation

GABA is found mostly as a zwitterion, that is, with the carboxyl group deprotonated and the amino group protonated.

Its conformation depends on its environment.

In the gas phase, a highly folded conformation is strongly favored because of the electrostatic attraction between the two functional groups.

The stabilization is about 50 kcal/mol, according to quantum chemistry calculations.

In the solid state, a more extended conformation is found, with a trans conformation at the amino end and a gauche conformation at the carboxyl end.

This is due to the packing interactions with the neighboring molecules.

In solution, five different conformations, some folded and some extended are found as a result of solvation effects.

The conformational flexibility of GABA is important for its biological function, as it has been found to bind to different receptors with different conformations.

Many GABA analogues with pharmaceutical applications have more rigid structures in order to control the binding better.

Back To Top

History

Gamma-aminobutyric acid was first synthesized in 1883, and was first known only as a plant and microbe metabolic product.

In 1950, however, GABA was discovered to be an integral part of the mammalian central nervous system.

Synthesis

Organisms synthesize GABA from glutamate using the enzyme L-glutamic acid decarboxylase and pyridoxal phosphate (which is the active form of B6) as a cofactor.

This process converts the principal excitatory neurotransmitter (glutamate) into the principal inhibitory one (GABA).

Pharmacology

Drugs that act as agonists of GABA receptors (known as GABA analogues or GABAergic drugs) or increase the available amount of GABA typically have relaxing, anti-anxiety and anti-convulsive effects.

Many of the substances below are known to cause anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia.

_______________________

It has been suggested that orally administered GABA increases the amount of Human Growth Hormone, but this is questionable since it is unknown whether GABA can pass the blood-brain barrier.

However, orally administered GABA does have effects outside of the central nervous system (e.g. decreased muscle tone).

_______________________

Back To Top

Drugs that affect GABA receptors:

1. alcohol (ethanol)
2. avermectins—doramectin, selamectin, ivermectin
3. barbiturates
4. bicucullines - GABA antagonist
5. benzodiazepines
6. baclofen
7. baicalin and baicalein from skullcap scutellaria lateriflora
8. carbamazepines
9. cyclopyrrolone derivatives such as zopiclone
10. fluoroquinolones
11. gabazine (SR-95531)
12. gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)
13. gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid
14. imidazopyridine derivatives such as zolpidem
15. kavalactones
16. meprobamate
17. muscimol
18. manganese
19. modafinil
20. phenytoin
21. picamilon
22. picrotoxin
23. progabide
24. propofol
25. phenibut
26. pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives such as zaleplon
27. thujone—GABA antagonist
28. Valerian extract
29. pregabalin (tradename Lyrica) - GABA analogue

Drugs that affect GABA in other ways:

1. tiagabine—potentiates by inhibiting uptake into neurons and glia
2. vigabatrin—potentiates by inhibiting GABA-T, preventing GABA breakdown
3. valproate—potentiates by inhibiting GABA-T
4. tetanospasmin—primary toxin of tetanus bacteria, blocks release of GABA
5. hyperforin—inhibits the reuptake of GABA
6. thujone-A main ingredient in absinthe
7. theanine - an amino acid found in green tea and the basidiomycete mushroom, increases GABA production

   See also

8. Spastic diplegia, a GABA deficiency neuromuscular neuropathology. *

Back To Top

gamma-Aminobutyric acid
IUPAC name	4-aminobutanoic acid
Identifiers
CAS number	56-12-2
PubChem	119
MeSH	gamma-Aminobutyric+Acid
SMILES	C(CC(=O)O)CN
ChemSpider ID	116
Properties
Molecular formula	C4H9NO2
Molar mass	103.12 g/mol
Melting point	203.7 °C, 477 K, 399 °F
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references

*

_______________________

Read The complete Article in Wikipedia, Feb 24, 2009

* Gamma-Aminobutyric acid. (2009, February 24). In Wikipedia,

The Free Encyclopedia.Retrieved 09:17, February 24, 2009, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=

Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid&oldid=272882913

_______________________

Read The complete Article in Wikipedia June 11, 2011

** Gamma-Aminobutyric acid. (2011, June 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.

Retrieved 23:01, June 11, 2011, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=

Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid&oldid=433684143

_______________________

Please enjoy the information...More Products Coming Soon

________________________

Reiki

Supplements      Vitamins and Minerals
Homeopathy                                   Ayurvedic 

____________________

____________________

____________________

See references for complete information including notes, comments, complete symptoms, sources, concerns and cautions.

Disclaimer :

In accordance with FDA regulation, we do not make any therapeutic claims for any Dietary Supplements in accordance with the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act.

Information on this website is provided for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for the advice provided by your physicians, health care professional or other professional. You should not use the information on this website for diagnosing or treating any health problem, symptom or disease, prescribing any medication or other treatment, or in place of any other professional advice. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any diseases. You should consult with a healthcare professional before starting any diet, exercise or supplementation program, before taking any medication, or if you have or suspect you might have a health problem. Your discretion is advised.

Copyright © 2007

_____________________ 

Back To Top