...As an essential amino acid, Isoleucine is not synthesized in animals, hence it must be ingested, usually as a component of proteins...   Continued Below

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From an article in Wikipedia Mar 5, 2009

Isoleucine (abbreviated as Ile or I) is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH(CH3)CH2CH3.

It is an essential amino acid, which means that humans cannot synthesize it, so it must be part of our diet.

Its codons are AUU, AUC and AUA.

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With a hydrocarbon side chain, isoleucine is classified as a hydrophobic amino acid.

Together with threonine, isoleucine is one of two common amino acids that have a chiral side chain.

Four stereoisomers of isoleucine are possible, including two possible diastereomers of L-isoleucine.

However, isoleucine present in nature exists in one enantiomeric form, (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.

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Biosynthesis

As an essential amino acid, isoleucine is not synthesized in animals, hence it must be ingested, usually as a component of proteins.

In plants and microorganisms, it is synthesized via several steps, starting from pyruvic acid and alpha-ketoglutarate.

Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include:

1. Acetolactate synthase (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase)
2. Acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase
3. Dihydroxyacid dehydratase
4. Valine aminotransferase

Synthesis

Isoleucine can be synthesized in a multistep procedure starting from 2-bromobutane and diethylmalonate.

Synthetic isoleucine was originally reported in 1905.

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L-Isoleucine
IUPAC name	(2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid
Identifiers
CAS number	73-32-5
PubChem	791
ChemSpider	6067
UNII	04Y7590D77
KEGG	D00065
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILE CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N
InCh InChI=1S/C6H13NO2/c1-3-4(2)5(7)6(8)9/h4-5H,3,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)/t4-,5-/m0/s1  Key: AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N  InChI=1/C6H13NO2/c1-3-4(2)5(7)6(8)9/h4-5H,3,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)/t4-,5-/m0/s1 Key: AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZBB
Properties
Molecular formula	C6H13NO2
Molar mass	131.17 g mol−1
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references

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*

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Read The complete Article in Wikipedia, Mar 5, 2009

* Isoleucine. (2009, March 1). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.

Retrieved 05:08, March 5, 2009, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title

=Isoleucine&oldid=274241520

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Read The complete Article in Wikipedia, June 15, 2011

** Isoleucine. (2011, June 6). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.

Retrieved 15:03, June 15, 2011, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=

Isoleucine&oldid=432906374

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In accordance with FDA regulation, we do not make any therapeutic claims for any Dietary Supplements in accordance with the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act.

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