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At first, a line of evidence suggested that abnormally low levels of endogenous SAM may play an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that SAM may therefore have therapeutic potential in the treatment of AD. Taking SAM on a regular basis may help fight depression, liver disease, and the pain of osteoarthritis...
Continued Below |
Quality SAMe from 'Mother Nature' |
Natrol SAMe Joint Formula, 20 tab
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Take 2 tablets daily on an empty stomach.SAMe (S-Adenosyl-Methionine) is a distinct form of the amino acid, methionine. In clinical studies, SAMe has been found to stimulate the production of GAGs (Glycosaminoglycans), important compounds of connective tissue.* Serving Size: 2 tablets. Servings Per Container: 10. Ingredient Amt Per Serving % Daily Value: S-Adenosyl-Methionine (SAMe) (as S-Adenosyl-Methionine Disulfate Ditosylate) 400 mg **Daily value not established. Other Ingredients: Cellulose, Mannitol, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Phthalate, Citric Acid, Sodium Starch Glycolate, Glyceryl Triacetate, Croscarmellose Sodium, Stearic Acid, Silica. CONTAINS NO: yeast, wheat, corn, milk, eggs, soy, glutens, artificial colors, or added starch or preservatives. Keep out of reach of children. Store in a cool, dry place. Warning: Persons who have a health condition should consult with a health care professional before using this product. |
Now Foods SAMe, Enteric Coated, 400 mg- 60 tab
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Nervous System Support. Supports Emotional Well-Being. Supports Joint Health*. Vegetarian Formula. Enteric Coated. SAMe (S-adenosylmethionine), a compound native to the body, is a critical component of many biochemical reactions, including those that affect brain biochemistry and joint health. Numerous studies have indicated that SAMe can help to temporarily alleviate minor joint discomfort resulting from overexertion or stress. In addition, because SAMe is also necessary for the synthesis of neurotransmitters, it plays an important role in mood support. NOW SAMe is enteric-coated, which makes it very well tolerated and protects it from degradation.* Product FAQ's. Read More about SAMe from Your Health Professor. Related Products. Clinical Trial Supports Efficacy of NOW SAMe for OA of the Knee. Arthritis Drug Withdrawn, People are Looking for Alternative. |
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Olympian Labs SAMe Gold, 400 mg- 30 tab
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SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine), is naturally occurring and manufactured within the body. SAMe has been found to be effective in treatment of depression, liver dysfunction, arthritis, fibromyalgia and migraine headaches. Involved in over 40 biochemical reactions in the body. SAMe is essential for the production of glutathione, a powerful antioxidant that protects the body from the damaging effects of free radicals. SAMe improves the binding of neurotransmitters to their receptors sites in the brain. SAMe has been used in Europe in the treatment of cirrhosis and damage caused by alcohol and has been shown to relieve all forms of depression. Several studies have shown that SAMe can be as effective as pharmaceutical antidepressants. Those suffering from manic depression should not take SAMe as SAMe's antidepressant properties may heighten the manic phase. If you are taking antidepressants consult your doctor before taking SAMe. |
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Source Naturals SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine) 400mg, 30 tab
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Source Naturals SAMe is a stable, bioavailable form of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. These tablets are enteric coated and blister packed to prevent breakdown and inactivation of the ingredients. Dozens of clinical studies have demonstrated that SAMe supports joint comfort, function and mobility in the spine, hips and knees. It is important to the joints because of its critical role in cartilage formation. Studies also show that SAMe helps support a positive outlook. It is able to cross the blood-brain barrier where it affects the synthesis and activation of various proteins, such as neurotransmitters. SAMe is known as a 'methyl donor.' This means that it works by giving up a piece of itself (a methyl group consisting of one carbon and three hydrogen atoms) to other molecules. Methylation plays a part in many critical cellular functions. SAMe is present in every living cell in the body. However, levels of SAMe tend to decline with age. Supplement Facts for 200 mg serving size: 2 tablets. Amount %DV SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine) 400 mg - from 800 mg of SAMe disulfate tosylate - Other Ingredients: cellulose, mannitol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose pthalate, citric acid, sodium starch glycolate, glyceryl triacetate, modified cellulose gum, stearic acid, colloidal silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and yellow ochre. Suggested Use: Two tablets, one to three times daily. Take tablets on an empty stomach. Warning: If you are pregnant, breastfeeding or are taking antidepressant medication, consult your physician before using this product. Take this product under medical supervision if you have bipolar disorder. In a small percentage of people this product may cause nausea which tends to subside with long-term use. Supplement Facts for 400 mg: serving size: 1 tablet. Amount %DV SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine) 400 mg - from 800 mg of SAMe disulfate tosylate - Other Ingredients: cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, titanium dioxide, mannitol, stearic acid, triacetin, sodium starch glycolate, modified cellulose gum, citric acid, silica, and yellow ochre. Suggested Use: One tablet, one to three times daily. Take tablets on an empty stomach. Warning: If you are pregnant, breastfeeding or are taking antidepressant medication, consult your physician before using this product. Take this product under medical supervision if you have bipolar disorder. In a small percentage of people this product may cause nausea which tends to subside with long-term use. |
Quality SAMe from 'Kalyx'
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SAMe 200 mg 60 tablets: K
From Food Science Laboratories
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A dietary supplement to support positive mood balance, liver, and joint function.* |
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SAMe (S-Adenosylmethionine) 20 tablets: N
From Nutricology
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SAMe is a natural form of bioactive methionine that results when methionine is converted by ATP and SAMe synthetase. SAMe has a wide variety of benefits because it is utilized by almost every cell of the body. It is a precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinepherine, and serotonin. It is used in the production and protection of DNA and RNA, and in the production of phosphatidylcholine, which may benefit cell membrane integrity.* SAMe supports glutathione production and control of damaging cytokines (TNF) and free radicals, which may protect synovial cells and benefit joint function.* In addition, SAMe may protect proteoglycans (protein cells, composed of keratin and chondroitin sulfate) and chondrocytes (cartilage cells, that make proteoglycans and collagen), components of the spongy cartilage tissue.* SAMe is used in the following metabolic pathways: methylation, synthesis of polyamines, and trans-sulfuration. Methylation is involved in protection or transformation of other molecules such as DNA and homocysteine. Synthesis of polyamines results in cell growth, gene expression and neuron regeneration. Trans-sulfuration is the synthesis of L-cysteine, glutathione and other sulfate groups, which are involved in liver support and detoxification.* In Chinese medicine, the liver is thought of as the seat of emotion and normal liver function is thought to be involved in healthy mood.* Research has shown SAMe to support liver enzymes within normal levels.* For optimal metabolism and utilization, SAMe can be taken with Item #52580 Homocysteine Metabolite Formula, and/or Item #53230 TMG (Trimethylglycine). Suggested use: As a dietary supplement, 1 or 2 tablets one to four times daily between meals, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner. Serving Size 2 tablets. Servings per container 10. Amount per serving: SAMe 400 mg. Other ingredients: Cellulose, mannitol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, citric acid, sodium starch glycolate, glyceryl triacetate, croscarmellose sodium, stearic acid, silica, titanium dioxide, yellow ochre. This nutrient is of the highest quality and purity obtainable, free of all common allergens (antigens), and does not contain preservatives, diluents, or artificial additives. Keep in a cool, dry place, tightly capped. *These statements have not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. |
Quality SAMe from 'House Of Nutrition'
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Designs For Health SAMe 200mg
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Designs For Health SAMe 200mg Description: SAMe is a naturally occurring metabolite found in the human body as well as in plant and animal foods. SAMe is naturally synthesized in humans from the amino acid methionine in the presence of the cofactors B12 and folate. SAMe is the most active of all methyl donors and has been compared to ATP in its importance for the body. SAMe is involved in the synthesis of: Neurotransmitters - The hormone melatonin - Phospholipids - Polyamines, which control cellular growth. It is also the source of methyl groups inside the nucleus for DNA methylation which controls gene expression and masking of genetic damage. Supplement Facts: Amount Per Serving: Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine HCL) 2 mg - Folic Acid 200 mcg - Vitamin B12(Cyanocobalamin) 50 mcg - S-Adenosyl L-Methionine (as Disulfate Monotosylate) 200 mg. Other Ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, methacrylic acid co-polymer, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, triethyl citrate, stearic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, riboflavin. Directions: As a dietary supplement, take one tablet one to two times daily, preferably on an empty stomach, or as directed by your health care practitioner. Individuals with bipolar (manic) depression should not take SAMe unless under professional medical supervision. Notes: Store in a cool, dry place. This product does not contain wheat, soy, corn, yeast, milk, or gluten. Warning: Keep out of reach of children. |
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Jarrow's SAMe Joint 60Tabs
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SAMe Joint Description: Jarrow Formulas® pharmaceutical grade, stabilized SAM-e JOINT™ provides a full 200 mg SAM-e (net yield) and 525 mg of Glucosamine hydrochloride in every enteric-coated tablet. SAM-e JOINT™ is manufactured under low temperature and low humidity and is enteric-coated to ensure a biologically active product. SAM-e and Glucosamine are known to benefit joint function and recuperation. Supplement Facts: Serving Size: 1 Tablet. Servings per Container: 60. Amount Per Serving %DV:S-Adenosyl Methionine (from 400 mg of SAM-e tosylate disulfate) 200 mg. * Glucosamine HCl 525 mg. * *Daily value not established. Other Ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, enteric coating (methacrylate copolymers), glycerol behenate, silicon dioxide, magnesium silicate, triethyl citrate, glyceryl palmitostearate, medium chain triglycerides, magnesium stearate (vegetable source), titanium dioxide, sorbitan oleate, yellow ochre, and red iron oxide. Contains: Shellfish (crab). No wheat, no gluten, no soybeans, no dairy, no egg, no fish, no peanuts/tree nuts. Directions: Take 1 to 2 tablets per day on an empty stomach, or as directed by your qualified health care consultant. Notes: For best results, use with Jarrow Formulas® JarroSil™, the biologically Activated Silicon™. Warnings: Do not use if allergic to shellfish. Individuals using prescribed medications such as antidepressants, including Selective Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and MAO Inhibitors should consult a physician before using. Individuals with Parkinson's disease, bi-polar disorder or manic depression should not use SAM-e. |
Life Extension's Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw's SAMe 400mg 20Tabs
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Description Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw S-Adenosyl-Methionine Suggested Use 800-1200 mg (2-3) per day is recommended. Take in divided doses morning, midday, and late afternoon. Taking this product with food may avoid gastrointestinal disturbance. Refrigeration is recommended. Take folic acid, vitamin B12 and B6 when using SAMe. Supplement Facts ;Serving Size One Tablet. Amount Per Serving % Daily Value S-Adenosyl-Methionine 400 mg. * * Daily Value not established. Other Ingredients ;Cellulose, Mannitol, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Phthalate, Citric Acid, Sodium Starch Glycolate, Glyceryl Triacetate, Croscarmellose Sodium, Stearic Acid, Silica, Titanium Dioxide, Yellow Ochre. Warnings Keep out of reach of children If you become ill after taking this product, please consult your physician. Do not purchase if outer seal is broken or damaged. If you have a bad reaction to product discontinue use immediately. When using nutritional supplements, please inform your physician if you are undergoing treatment for a medical condition. Store in a cool, dry place. |
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Natural Factors SAMe 200mg 60Tabs
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Product Description: " SAM-e ion, Natural Factors, 200 mg, 60 Tablets. (Enteric Coated)(from 400 mg SAM-e Disulfate Tosylate)Joint & Mood Support. Dietary Supplement. Clinical research shows that SAM-e elevates mood and has a positive effect on behavior. It also maintains cartilage health and contributes to the production of joint supporting compounds such as Glucosamine and Chondroitin. SAM-e works actively with Folic Acid and Vitamin B12, and together can promote healthy brain functioning. Natural Factors SAM-e is especially coated for ease of swallowing and maximum bioavailability. The coating also enhances SAM-e's stability. Additional Information: All Natural Factors products are manufactured according to Canadian Health Protection Branch Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), among the highest standards in the world. Ingredients: Contains no artificial preservatives or sweeteners; no corn, dairy, soy, starch, wheat or yeast. Sealed for your protection. Do not use if seal on cap is broken. For optimum freshness, refrigerate after opening. Suggested Usage: 1 tablet on an empty stomach, 2 times per day for 3 weeks; then 1 tablet per day thereafter, or as directed by a health care professional. Keep out of reach of children. Warning: Individuals who are using prescription anti-depressants or who suffer from bi-polar disorder should not use this product unless under the supervision of a health professional. Pledge: Purity Potency Guaranteed. Pharmaceutical Grade Sam-e, imported from Italy! Supplement Facts: Serving Size 1 Tablet. Amount Per Serving: S-Adenosyl-L-Methioninie ion 200 mg ** (from 400 mg of SAM-e Disulfate Tosylate)----------------------------------------------** Daily Value not established. Other ingredients: Cellulose, mannitol, enteric coating, glycerol, magnesium stearate, silica. Brand Name: Natural Factors, A Product of Canada. 200 mg, 60 Tablets (Enteric Coated). |
Nature's Plus SAMe Rx-Mood 20Tabs
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Nature's Plus SAMe Rx-Mood 20Tabs. |
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Solgar Same 200mg 30Tabs
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SAMe Tablets 200 mg(S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine)SUITABLE FOR VEGETARIANS. ENTERIC COATED. Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement for adults, one (1) tablet daily, with a carbohydrate snack, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner. Serving Size 1 Tablet. Amount Per Tablet: Ingredients: SAMe (as S-adenosyl-L-methionine ) 200 mg* * Daily Value not established. To assure freshness and potency, store in a cool, dry place, away from heat, light and moisture. Other Ingredients: Vegetable Cellulose, Mannitol, Citric Acid, Sodium Starch, Glycinate, Triacetate, Croscarmellose Sodium, Vegetable Stearic Acid, Silica. Product Notes: Provides a dietarily insignificant amount of sugar. |
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Vitaline's Vitaline?SAMe (S-Adenosyl L-Methionine) 200 mg 30 tabs
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SAMe (S-Adenosyl L-Methionine) 200 mg. 30 tabs. Supplement Facts: Serving Size: 1 enteric coated tablet. Servings Per Container: 30. Amount Per Serving: SAMe (as S-Adenosyl L-Methionine) 200 mg. Other Ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, methacrylic copolymer. Suggested Use: Adults take 1 tablet 1-6 times daily with food, or as directed by your healthcare practitioner. Warning: Individuals being treated for neurological conditions should consult their healthcare practitioner before consuming this product. Individuals with bipolar (manic) depression should not take SAMe unless under professional medical supervision. Store in a cool, dry place at 59-86 F (15-30 C). Tamper-evident packaging for your protection. Seal tightly after each use. Helps maintain normal joints and supports normal neurotransmitter levels.* *This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent disease.... |
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SAMe
S-Adenosyl methionine
S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM, SAMe, SAM-e) is a common co-substrate involved in methyl group transfers. SAM-e was first discovered in Italy by G. L. Cantoni in 1952. It is made from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and methionine by methionine adenosyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.6). Transmethylation, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation are the metabolic pathways that use SAM. Although these anabolic reactions occur throughout the body, most SAM is produced and consumed in the liver.
The methyl group (CH3) attached to the methionine sulfur atom in SAM is chemically reactive. This allows donation of this group to an acceptor substrate in transmethylation reactions. More than 40 metabolic reactions involve the transfer of a methyl group from SAM to various substrates such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids.
In bacteria, SAM is bound by the SAM riboswitch, which regulates genes involved in methionine or cysteine biosynthesis.
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Biochemistry of S-adenosyl methionine
SAM cycle
The reactions that produce, consume, and regenerate SAM are called the SAM cycle. In the first step of this cycle, the SAM-dependent methylases (EC 2.1.1) that use SAM as a substrate produce S-adenosyl homocysteine as a product. This is hydrolysed to homocysteine and adenosine by S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase EC 3.3.1.1 and the homocysteine recycled back to methionine through transfer of a methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, by one of the two classes of methionine synthases (EC 2.1.1.13 or EC 2.1.1.14). This methionine can then be converted back to SAM, completing the cycle.
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Polyamine biosynthesis
Another major role of SAM is in polyamine biosynthesis. Here, SAM is decarboxylated by adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) to form S-adenosylmethioninamine. This compound then donates its n-propylamine group in the biosynthesis of polyamines such as spermidine and spermine from putrescine.
SAM is required for cellular growth and repair. It is also involved in the biosynthesis of several hormones and neurotransmitters that affect mood, such as dopamine and serotonin. Methyltransferases are also responsible for the addition of methyl groups to the 2' hydroxyls of the first and second nucleotides next to the 5' cap in messenger RNA.
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Therapeutic uses
In the United States and Canada, SAM is sold as a nutritional supplement under the marketing name SAM-e (also spelled SAME or SAMe; pronounced "sam ee" or "Sammy"). SAM is also marketed under the Gumbaral, Samyr, Adomet, Heptral and Admethionine brand names as a prescription drug approved in Russia, Italy, and Germany. Some research has indicated that taking SAM on a regular basis may help fight depression, liver disease, and the pain of osteoarthritis. Multiple clinical trials indicate benefits for depression, some liver conditions and osteoarthritis. All other indications are not yet proven.
Therapeutic use of SAM has increased as dietary supplements have gained in popularity, especially after the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act was passed in 1994. This law allowed the distribution of SAM as a dietary supplement, and therefore allowed it to bypass the regulatory requirements for drugs of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
At first, a line of evidence suggested that abnormally low levels of endogenous SAM may play an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that SAM may therefore have therapeutic potential in the treatment of AD. However, further research has indicated this effect is likely due to vitamin B12 deficiencies, which cause neurologic defects through one carbon transfers with folate. Severely low levels of SAM have been found in the cerebrospinal fluid and in all brain regions of AD patients examined. Preliminary research suggests SAM may have therapeutic potential in treating AD patients and a recent study using a mouse model of AD found that supplementary SAM prevented oxidative damage and cognitive impairment.
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Oral forms, usage and adverse effects
Oral forms
Oral SAMe achieves peak plasma concentrations 3 to 5 hours after ingestion of an enteric-coated tablet (400–1000 mg). The half-life is about 100 minutes. It may require up to one month for it to reach full effectiveness in treating osteoarthritis. Because of structural instability, stable salt forms of SAM are required for its use as an oral drug. The University of Maryland lists the commonly used salts: tosylate, butanedisulfonate, disulfate tosylate, disulfate ditosylate, and disulfate monotosylate.
With the advent of FDA-mandated Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) in 2008, manufacturers are required to confirm that their products contain what is listed on the label through the end of shelf life. Whether they achieve this goal or not has been questioned. This testing has shown that properly produced and packaged SAMe has a shelf life in excess of three years, however most manufacturers label for a two-year shelf life.
Claims that the SAMe butanedisulfonate salt is more stable or better absorbed are not supported by the references that are usually cited as evidence. Different salts have successfully been used in clinical trials, but there is no published head-to-head comparison.
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Usage
SAMe is best absorbed on an empty stomach. Enteric-coated tablets packaged in foil or foil blister packs increase stability and improve absorption. SAMe should be stored in a cool, dry place to prevent deterioration.
Possible side effects
Once SAM-e donates its methyl group to choline, in the formation of creatine, carnitine, DNA, tRNA, norepinephrine, and other compounds, it is transformed into S-adenosyl-homocysteine, (SAH). Under normal circumstances, homocysteine, in the presence of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folic acid (SAM-e's main co-factors), will eventually be converted back into methionine, SAM-e, or cysteine, glutathione, and other useful substances. However, if adequate amounts of these vitamins are not present, SAM-e may not break down properly. As a consequence, the full benefits of SAM-e will not be obtained, and homocysteine may increase to unsafe levels. Small studies have not shown a consistent effect of SAM-e on homocysteine levels, but more research is needed.
High levels of homocysteine have been associated with atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries), as well as an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, liver damage, and possibly Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, Vitamin B supplements are often taken along with SAM-e. These vitamins help metabolize the homocysteine into other useful compounds.
Another reported side effect of SAMe is insomnia, therefore the supplement is often taken in the morning. Other reports of mild side effects include lack of appetite, constipation, nausea, dry mouth, sweating, and anxiety/nervousness, but in placebo-controlled studies these side effects occur at about the same incidence in the placebo groups. Some users report increased anxiety with as little as 50 mg/day.
Therapeutic doses range from 400 mg/day to 1600 mg/day, although higher doses are used in some cases. Some physicians recommend even lower doses ranging from 50 to 200 mg/day to treat mild depression without triggering negative side effects.
Adverse effects
Gastrointestinal disorder, diarrhea, dyspepsia, anxiety, headache, psychiatric, insomnia, allergy, and rashes. Long-term effects are unknown. SAMe is a weak DNA-alkylating agent, and may thus act as a weak carcinogen.
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Serotonin syndrome
There is concern and one report of the potentially fatal serotonin syndrome in association of SAMe with other medications.
Induction of mania
In an extensive MEDLINE search on SAMe, Kagan found induction of mania in one patient out of fifteen treated with parenteral SAMe. In the same review, Lipinski found the apparent induction of mania in two patients with bipolar disorder (total of nine depressed patients studied). Both depression and mania can be life-threatening conditions that may cause cognitive dysfunction even after remission. There is concern that antidepressants in general can induce mania or hypomania in bipolar persons.
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| S-Adenosyl methionine |
 |
IUPAC name
(2S)-2-Amino-4-[[(2S,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)
-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl-methylsulfonio]butanoat
|
other names
S-Adenosyl-L-methionine; SAM-e; SAMe |
| Identifiers |
| CAS number |
29908-03-0 |
| PubChem |
34755 |
| MeSH |
S-Adenosylmethionine |
| SMILES |
NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@H](O)
[C@@H](C[S+](C)CC[C@H](N)C([O-])=O)O3 |
| Properties |
| Molecular formula |
C15H22N6O5S+ |
| Molar mass |
398.44 g/mol |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
| |
*
________________________
Read the article in Wikipedia with references and links October 14, 2010
* S-Adenosyl methionine. (2010, September 29). In Wikipedia,
The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 00:15, October 15, 2010, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title
=S-Adenosyl_methionine&oldid=387693087
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Disclaimer :
In accordance with FDA regulation, we do not make any therapeutic claims for any Dietary Supplements in accordance with the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act.
Information on this website is provided for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for the advice provided by your physicians, health care professional or other professional. You should not use the information on this website for diagnosing or treating any health problem, symptom or disease, prescribing any medication or other treatment, or in place of any other professional advice. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any diseases. You should consult with a healthcare professional before starting any diet, exercise or supplementation program, before taking any medication, or if you have or suspect you might have a health problem. Your discretion is advised.
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