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... is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH(OH)CH3. Foods high in threonine include cottage cheese, poultry, fish, meat, lentils, and sesame seeds....  

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From an article in Wikipedia Mar 8, 2009

Threonine (abbreviated as Thr or T) is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH(OH)CH3. Its codons are ACU, ACA, ACC, and ACG.

This essential amino acid is classified as polar.

Together with serine and tyrosine, threonine is one of three proteinogenic amino acids bearing an alcohol group.

______________________

The threonine residue is susceptible to numerous posttranslational modifications.

The hydroxy side chain can undergo O-linked glycosylation.

In addition, threonine residues undergo phosphorylation through the action of a threonine kinase.

In its phosphorylated form, it can be referred to as phosphothreonine.

 

Allo-threonine

With two chiral centers, threonine can exist in four possible stereoisomers, or two possible diastereomers of L-threonine.

However, the name L-threonine is used for one single enantiomer, (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid.

The second diastereomer (2S,3S), which is rarely present in nature, is called L-allo-threonine.

 

Biosynthesis

As an essential amino acid, threonine is not synthesized in humans, hence we must ingest threonine in the form of threonine-containing proteins.

In plants and microorganisms, threonine is synthesized from aspartic acid via α-aspartyl-semialdehyde and homoserine.

Homoserine undergoes O-phosphorylation; this phosphate ester undergoes hydrolysis concomitant with relocation of the OH group.

Enzymes involved in a typical biosynthesis of threonine include:

  1. aspartokinase
  2. α-aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase
  3. homoserine dehydrogenase
  4. homoserine kinase
  5. threonine synthase.

 

File:Thr biosynthesis.gif
No higher resolution available.
Thr_biosynthesis.gif‎ (768 × 489 pixels, file size: 8 KB, MIME type: image/gif)

 

Metabolism

Threonine is metabolized in two ways:

  • It is converted to pyruvate via threonine dehydrogenase. An intermediate in this pathway can undergo thiolysis with CoA to produce Acetyl-CoA and glycine.
  • In humans, it is converted to alpha-ketobutyrate in a less common pathway via the enzyme serine dehydratase, and thereby enters the pathway leading to succinyl-CoA.

 

Sources

Foods high in threonine include cottage cheese, poultry, fish, meat, lentils, and sesame seeds.

Racemic threonine can be prepared from crotonic acid by alpha-functionalization using mercury(II) acetate.

 

L-Threonine
L-threonine chemical properties
L-threonine chemical properties
molecular structure of threonine
IUPAC name
threonine
Other name
2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
Identifiers
CAS number
72-19-5
PubChem
6288
ChemSpider
6051 Yes
EC number
201-300-6
Jmol-3D images
Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula
C4H9NO3
Molar mass
119.12 g mol−1
Acidity (pKa) 2.63 (carboxyl), 10.43 (amino)
Supplementary data page
Structure and
properties
n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic
data
Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

**

Read The complete Article in Wikipedia, Mar 8, 2009

*Threonine. (2009, March 1). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.

Retrieved 06:36, March 8, 2009, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=

Threonine&oldid=274239835

______________________

Read the complete Article in Wikipedia June 23 2011

** Threonine. (2011, April 23). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.

Retrieved 23:54, June 23, 2011, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=

Threonine&oldid=425556184

______________________

 

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In accordance with FDA regulation, we do not make any therapeutic claims for any Dietary Supplements in accordance with the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act.

Information on this website is provided for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for the advice provided by your physicians, health care professional or other professional. You should not use the information on this website for diagnosing or treating any health problem, symptom or disease, prescribing any medication or other treatment, or in place of any other professional advice. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any diseases. You should consult with a healthcare professional before starting any diet, exercise or supplementation program, before taking any medication, or if you have or suspect you might have a health problem. Your discretion is advised.

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