...Valine (abbreviated as Val or V) is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH(CH3)2. Valine is an essential amino acid, hence it must be ingested, usually as a component of proteins...   Continued Below

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Valine

From an article in Wikipedia Mar 8, 2009

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Valine

Valine (abbreviated as Val or V) is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH(CH3)2.

L-Valine is one of 20 proteogenic amino acids.

Its codons are GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG.

This essential amino acid is classified as nonpolar.

Along with leucine and isoleucine, valine is a branched-chain amino acid. It is named after the plant valerian.

In sickle-cell disease, valine substitutes for the hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid in hemoglobin.

Because valine is hydrophobic, the hemoglobin does not fold correctly.

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Biosynthesis

Valine is an essential amino acid, hence it must be ingested, usually as a component of proteins.

It is synthesized in plants via several steps starting from pyruvic acid.

The initial part of the pathway also leads to leucine.

The intermediate α-ketovalerate undergoes reductive amination with glutamate.

Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include:

1. Acetolactate synthase (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase)
2. Acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase
3. Dihydroxyacid dehydratase
4. Valine aminotransferase

Synthesis

Racemic valine can be synthesized by bromination of isovaleric acid followed by amination of the α-bromo derivative

HO2CCH2CH(CH3)2 + Br2 → HO2CCHBrCH(CH3)2 + HBr

HO2CCHBrCH(CH3)2 + 2 NH3 → HO2CCH(NH2)CH(CH3)2 + NH4Br

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Dietary aspects

Nutritional sources of valine include cottage cheese, fish, poultry, peanuts, sesame seeds, and lentils.

L-Valine
IUPAC name	(S)-2-amino-3-methyl-butanoic acid
Identifiers
CAS number	72-18-4
PubChem	1182
SMILES	CC(C)C(N)C(=O)O
Properties
Molecular formula	C5H11NO2
Molar mass	117.15 g mol−1
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references

**

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________________________

 

Read the complete Article in Wikipedia Mar 8, 2009

* Valine. (2009, March 4). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.

Retrieved 08:09, March 8, 2009, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=

Valine&oldid=274986176

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Read the complete article in Wikipedia June 24 2011

** Valine. (2011, June 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.

Retrieved 00:10, June 25, 2011, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=

Valine&oldid=435209422

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